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From
the WG TOR ( http://geo.haifa.ac.il/~icaupdt/wgtor.htm
)
Spatial data bases are already serving as the platform for
cartographic production. In
the analogue era, the hard-copy maps themselves served also
as the data bases for
spatial data. Hence, updating the map also meant updating
the spatial data set.
In the digital era, the maps should be updated by updating
the data base and them
producing the new maps. Updating can take place periodically
(eg: daily, monthly,
annually, etc), as part of a planned updating cycle (with
each subset of the data base or each map sheet being
updated in rotation), when the amount of change crosses a
threshold, by special request for a specific need (such as
an election or census), or
other reasons.
There is rapid change taking place all over the world,
especially to the types of physical
features recorded in spatial data bases. In addition, more
and more data are captured
for these and other features, as the number of spatial data
users, applications and
sensors grow.
Thus, there is a need to speed up the frequency of updates
and to automate the update processes. To facilitate
this, one needs a formalized, continuous and incremental
updating process for the digital spatial data bases, and
some method of keeping track of
the different versions of individual data sets or features.
Typically, the updated versions
of the data set are then disseminated to the end users by
sending them the whole,
updated version of the data set or a subset (eg: tiles or
layers). Examples of this
process are NIMA's Digital Chart of the World (DCW) and road
atlases for in-car
navigation. End users tend to use data sets obtained from
several different sources,
which they often have to integrate themselves, and upon
which they build their own
value-added data sets. Ultimately, the end user is more
concerned about maintaining
the integrity, quality and spatial-referencing of their
value-added data and topology, in
which they have invested much time and money, rather than
the external data sets. Yet, these external data sets
provide a crucial framework for their value-added data sets.
Hence, when a user receives one of these bulk updates today,
they are faced with the
dilemma of either ignoring the update (if it is not
significant enough) or accepting the
update, but with the need to then rebuild their value-added
data on top of the updated
data set. This rebuilding process involves checking to see
if any of the features they
have used for geocoding their non-spatial data bases have
been changed, aggregated,
sub-divided or deleted, and then making the appropriate
changes (which can be
complex). The update might also result in the loss or change
of unique identifiers. It
might also be necessary for the user to rebuild the topology
of their data base.
Some work has been done on the incremental updating of
events, though this is done
only to data sets where the users do not add any significant
amounts of value-added
data, for example, the Electronic Nautical Charts (ENC) of
the International
Hydrographic Organization. The Working Group will also
consider the work of CERCO,
ISO/TC 211, NOTAM (Notice to Airmen), the Open GSI
Consortium (OGC) and the
European Union Commission V. These types of projects will be
used as a starting point
for the work of the Working Group.
List
of References
Updated:
31.7.2001
Please help us maintain this list. Send new info to:
peled@geo.haifa.ac.il
1st Joint ICA/ISPRS Workshop on Incremental Updating and
versioning of Spatial
Data Bases. RAI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 15, 2001
http://geo.haifa.ac.il/~icaupdt/ws13/ws13abstract.htm
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